400-year commemoration toolkit

You can see tools to research the consequences of enslaved Africans' arrival in 1619.

Resources

Why we remember 1619

The fallacy of 1619: Rethinking the history of Africans in early America

Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660

Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800 (Studies in Comparative World History)

History of people of African ascent

Slave Trade and Slavery

Never Caught

Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"

Africa: Mother of Western Civilization

Stolen Legacy: The Egyptian Origins of Western Philosophy

Chattel slavery

Slavery Made America: The case for reparations

Slavery and America’s Legacy of Family Separation

Black Market Reads: Episode 23 - Author Erica Armstrong Dunbar on Never Caught

Invention of race

Ijeoma Oluo: So You Want to Talk About Race

The Social Construction of Race

As People of Color, We're Not All in the Same Boat

Race: The History of an Idea in America

How slavery continued

Slavery by Another Name

13th

Why celebrating Juneteenth is more important now than ever

Slavery, the Constitution, and a Lasting Legacy

Lynching in America: Targeting Black Veterans

Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror,

Equal Justice Initiative

Intentional loss of wealth

Reconstruction: America after the Civil War

The People’s Grocery Lynching, Memphis, Tennessee

Black Wall Street and the Destruction of an Institution

Black Wall Street and the Destruction of an Institution

Top infrastructure official explains how America used highways to destroy Black neighborhoods

Black Americans unfairly targeted by banks before housing crisis, says ACLU

Racism in Minnesota

North Star: Minnesota’s Black Pioneers

Jim Crow of the North

150 years later, Dred Scott still remembered

Enslaved African Americans and the Fight for Freedom

Dred Scott decision still resonates today

When will the North face its racism?

These are the. 15 worst cities for Black Americans

Slavery’s Reach

Alliance for Regional Equity's Race and Regionalism

Black resistance

The Black Power Mixtape

African Resistance to Enslavement: The Nature and Evidentiary Record

The Black Radical Tradition of Resistance

The Pan-Africanist Congresses, 1900 - 1945

The Student Strike That Changed Higher Ed Forever

The Morrill Hall Takeover at the University of Minnesota

Freedom Is a Constant Struggle

Gender and sexuality

The Combahee River Collective Statement

Lorraine Hansberry’s Gay Politics

Making Gay History: Bayard Rustin

Audre Lorde: Learning from the 60s

Miss Major on Rioting at Stonewall

Hearing the Queer Roots of Black Lives Matter

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